The Impact Of Paul Gustave Dore s 1869 Oil On Canvas,...

Around two months ago, I posted an image of Paul Gustave Dore’s 1869 oil on canvas, ‘Andromeda,’ to a large Internet forum called ‘Reddit.’ If you’re unfamiliar with the website ‘Reddit’, it is simply a site that is heavily run by the contribution of users, providing open discussions about specific ideas and news. To my amazement, the post made it to the front page, receiving much attention, but along with it came other ethical discussions that related to art as a general consensus and how the idea of ‘beauty’ has influenced current viewers with their expectations for museums and galleries. With comments on my post such as â€Å"Actual art on [Reddit!?]† and â€Å"Art isn’t art unless it’s old† – it was at this point that I became more aware of Thomas Horsfall’s view of, what he put as, â€Å"arts bitterest enemies.† To elaborate further, Horsfall suggested in his paper, ‘Art in Large Towns†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ dated 1882, historical and modern art visually entices the average viewer and their knowledge about its context, but people who only recognise a piece for its visual aesthetics have poor knowledge of the true approach to art. So, do we, the viewers go to museums and galleries in hope of finding beautiful imagery? Are we, as suggested by Horsfall, positively influenced on our ideas of beauty and taste by our viewings? Well, firstly†¦ What is beauty? By Oxford dictionary’s definition, beauty is defined by the â€Å"combination of qualities, such as shape, colour, or form, that pleases the aesthetic

Differences Between Human And Mice Immunology - 1278 Words

Georgiette Oduro-Boateng Immunology (BIO 3301) Writing Assignment 1 3/4/15 Differences between human and mice immunology Stage 1 The American Association of Immunologists was established in 1913. This professional society consists of professional trained distinguished scientists around the globe who are in association with a goal of progressing the understanding of immunology worldwide. AAI provides it members with relevant information, great educational opportunities, etc. The Journal of Immunology is a credible source of information about scientific research because it is the leading and most highly cited journal in the immunological field. The journal also provides peer-reviewed findings on experimental immunology. Stage 2 Why the†¦show more content†¦http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1905037/ †¢ IFN: Stands for Interferon. According to Owen et al. (Immunology textbook), interferons are glycoprotein cytokines produced and secreted by certain cells that induce an antiviral state in other cells and also help to regulate the immune response. In other words, they are group of proteins that inhibit viral infections. †¢ LPS: Abbreviation for Lipopolysaccharide, it activates many clones of murine B cells to induce their differentiation and division into antibody-producing plasma cells (Owen et al.) †¢ IL: Abbreviation for interleukins, a group of cytokines secreted by leukocytes, they mostly affect the growth and differentiation of various hematopoietic and immune system cells. (Owen et al.) †¢ CMV: According to Mayoclinic.org, CMV stands for cytomegalovirus, a common virus that affects practically anyone and hardly causes symptoms. Once a person is infected, the body maintains the virus for life. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/basics/definition/con-20029514 †¢ ÃŽ »5: Lambda 5 is a polypeptide that associates with Vpre-B to form the surrogate light chain of the pre B-cell receptor (Owen et al.). †¢ Ly49: According to Owen et al., Ly49

Evaluation and Analysis of Leadership in 21st Century

Question: Using relevant theories and models critically evaluate and analyse the leadership of a 21st century leader of a (business, government or not-for-profit) organisation. If you were in the position of the leader, what could you do to be a better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and on the situation? Answer: Leadership in the 21st century: Any economy in this world faces a crisis in the field of leadership. The area of leadership is not confined to business and firms, the covers the field of politics, government, education, religion, non-profits. Any system pillars the characteristic of trust. It takes years to build but fraction of section to destroy. The trust developed within organization is recognized in the leaders. So it is necessary to place deserving and effective leader in the top. The 21st century leaders are more concerned with power than to trust. In most cases we see that the failure or disintegration of an organization has occurred due to selection of wrong leaders and giving them too much power than they deserved. These leaders violate the ethical norms in search of power and disintegration of the organization is not their lookout. So trust is what that needs to be inculcated in a leader. To analyze what kinds of leader must correct this scenario we need to know what is a leader and what functions they have? Defining leaders in the next phase. The process of organizing and directing a group of employees to work for the betterment of the company is performed by a leader. The task of a leader is not just confined to lead a group or a project but it is necessary for a leader to inspire and motivate other employees so that they can achieve the objective effectively. The functions of leader include realizing oneself, communicating the vision in an efficient way, trust building among the employees and making an effective effort to recognize ones own leadership potential. (www.etsu.edu, 2009) The definition of leadership is dynamic in nature. The need of a good leader is very much in demand to executive a plan successfully. It is believed that a good leader can make a weak plan work smoothly and on the other hand a bad leader can ruin the best plan in the business. So it is necessary to have an effective leader. (Tracy, 2014) Over a period of time, a number of theories have evolved: Trait theory/ Great Man- The combination of relevant set of skills and traits can give rise to a leader. This theory was developed on the basis of intelligence, perseverance and the aim set by an individual, he can be well characterized as a leader and be treated superior to any ordinary individual. Some of the traits and skill that a leader must possess is flexible with situations, aloof towards social environment, assertive, cooperative, dependable, dominant in a way to inspire and direct others, energetic about any venture, persistent with the quality of work, ability to tolerate stress and responsible towards work allotted. Some of the skills that a leader must have include being clever and intelligent, being creative, ability to innovate, fluent conversant, diplomatic and tactful in demanding situations, organizing and administering ability, persuasive in nature and skilled socially. Behavioral theory- the concept that people are not born with certain traits that can make them a leader, is the pillar of this theory. Leaders are recognized from the work they perform. An individual having the quality of defining and learning things smoothly can be transformed into a leader. Participative leadership- a despotic decision taken by a leader may not prove to be an effective one. The role of a participative leader is to involve all his fellow employees, subordinated, seniors and stakeholders in a decision making. A leader first put forwards a decision, he then attends to the relevant feedback and then formulates his decision. Now this leader is doesnt have a very strong participatory style. A very strong participatory style is seen when the entire team participates in a decision making collectively. Also a leader must be careful as not to ignore his subordinates by listening to opinions and not considering it. This may lead to cynicism and betrayal feelings reciprocated from the subordinates. Three styles in respect to the participatory theory are recognized which is called as Lewins three Participatory leadership styles. They are: Autocratic style- when a leader makes a decision without consultation of the subordinates. This may be because the opinions suggested by the subordinates might not influence or affect the decision making. Democratic style- here the leader involves the employees in the process of decision making but the final decision depends on the leader. The democratic style can cause a problem when there are a range of suggestions and reaching an equitable final decision is difficult. Laissez-faire style curtails the involvement of a leader in the decision making. Laissez-faire style is seen when the employees make their own decisions and no central coordination is required. Situational leadership- a good leader must be alert with the social environment and other situational factors. Here there are three forces that direct a leaders action. The forces in the situation The forces in the follower The forces in the leader The theory on situational leadership recognizes the style of leader to be variable. Contingency Leadership- when a leader considers contingent factors and other situational factors in its decision making then they are known to be contingency leader. Transactional theory- the role of a transactional leader is to execute his subordinates in an activity exchange regime. Incorporation of rewards and recognitions encourages the employees. it must also be the role of a transactional leader to set structures of work to his fellow workers. Transformational theory- In order to catapult a common objective to a higher level, a transformational leader inspires the employees to change perception, expectations and motivations. (Cherry, 2015) The two main components of a transformational leader are to develop a vision and sell the vision. The chairman and CEO of Starbucks, Howard Schultz made an effective effort to initiate a microlending program programs in collaboration with Community Development Financial Institution. There was a time when small businessmen could not get credit and a situation of unemployment prevailed in the US. It is when Schultz came up with this idea of convincing the American citizen to participate in a donation campaign which would be lend out to small businessmen who would eventually generate job opportunities. This program was to generate $350 million worth lending and create jobs. Schultz had taken the help of Starbucks branch, his employees and the dedicated customers. This is an example of participatory leadership who involved all the people associated with his company for a common objective. Schultz depicts the role of a situational leader who by considering the then condition of unemployment in the US initiated a program. What the banks and government failed to do, Schultz made it poss ible. (NOCERA, 2011) French and Raven has formulated five sources of power: Positional Power which is again categorized into three types of power exercised by a leader. they are: Reward power- A leader has power to reward his subordinates if he follows his instructions. Coercive power- A leader has the power to penalize his subordinates if he violates his instructions or doesnt follow the leaders instructions. Legitimate power- A leader exercises power based on his hierarchy position in the company. A top position of a leader gives them the power to issue orders. Personal Power is divided into two types of power: Expert power- the power that is executed if the leader has superior and expertise knowledge. Referent power- power exercised when the leader possess a charismatic personality. (Businessballs.com, 2015) Leader and her leadership story: There are diverse groups of leaders from a wide arena of racial, socioeconomic nationalities and religious background. The leaders can be specified not from their designation but from their work. Half the leaders are CEOs and the other half consists of young , mid-career and non-profit leaders. Taking up the story of Andrea Jung gives us a vivid knowledge of how leaders are born and transformed. Andrea is the CEO of Avon Products. Avon is one of the top beauty direct seller in the world and is the largest micro-lenders who lend credit to several numerous sales representatives globally. (Avoncompany.com, 2015) Andrea Jung was one of those women who quit her job from Neiman-Marcus without any other job. She then joined Avon products and becoming a CEO changed the structure of the companys vision. The company, Avon which focused on selling beauty products was not just the vision anymore, Jung made sure that the mission should focus on women empowerment. Avon had gone from 1.5 million to 5.5 million increased in workforce and was successful in acquiring economic independence through their own efforts. Avon Foundation for Women raised and were rewarded $1billion to reinforce health and empowerment issues, this made it the largest women oriented corporate benevolence around the world. (Lublin, 2014) Jung is a lady of stern determination. Notwithstanding, hindrances she came up with ideas to innovate the Avon Products Inc. Jung was initially hired as the president of the marketing group for the US operations. Applying the trait theory, Jung had combined her skill of assertion, cooperation, determination and dominance that led her to introduce Avon Apparel line, which was a success in one short. With her trait of constant innovation, she came up with a unique slogan of Just Another Avon Lady in 1995, a step towards re-branding her company as younger and hipper. Becoming the first ever female CEO of Avon was not a quality that Andrea Jung was born with. Her behavior, performance of her work and her potential to control the company led her to the seat and designation that itself had weightage. From the assumptions of the Behavioral Theory, we learn that no individual is born with leadership qualities embodied in him. It is the work from which an individual is recognized as a leader. This is like the story of Andrea Jung. Andrea Jung gave us the inspiration for fighting to end the violence against women with which she is personally associated and received award in its recognition. Jung also took a step forward to end the epidemic called breast cancer involved with other public-private partnership. Also these leadership qualities of Andrea Jung can be associated with a lot of theories in leadership. Some theories in connection with Andrea Jung was already mentioned. In the advent of extending women empowerment in the world, Jung has cited an example of a participative leader. In the process of lending credit to the sales representative, the objective of the company of involving the employees is achieved. Now, Jung had taken an initiative to introduce a brand new line of mixes of women apparel which can be related to the transformational theory of leadership. Jung had successfully inspired her workers and herself to concoct innovate ideas and features to start a new line of business under the same brand name. and this proved to be a success. Jung inspires Avon ladies to sell directly a buyer in the household which involves the role of a transactional and participative leader. Transactional leaders demands the role of transacting with the fellow subordinate in order to improve the business which Jung had repeatedly done to accomplish her objective in the business to empower women. Her main concern was with the country situation of the world and he r focus was singular in nature. Being the women in power, she was always wanted to do something to benefit the women who are often deprived of their right and power. One such happening instilled in the minds of Jung to do something for the women. The violence that were prevalent in every household had been an unfavorable situation for the society hence she established public-private partnerships and led a mission to end this torturous violence against women. Jung was again successful in this. Another incident that needed mention was the emergence of the epidemic breast cancer that started spreading like wildfire. There was a time when the incidence of breast cancer in the USA covered about 99% of the US population and the death counts covered about 100% of the population. Jung took this epidemic as a cause and a determination to end this. These steps by Jung made her a situational and contingent leader who acted according to the then current situation. Thus the story of Andrea Jungs leadership is no doubt inspiring and galvanizing. (Prevention, 2011) Until the 20th century leaders were more oppressive and powerful ones but leadership in the 21st century has changed the nature of leadership as the people are becoming more knowledgeable than most of their bosses. Employees now have questions regarding their work structure, benefits, payments, time of work etc. So time are gone of powerful leaders who misuse their position and exploit subordinates. (Billgeorge.org, 2007) Discussion on my leadership: It is believed that toughest job is to lead yourself. To inculcate the leader in me, there are six principles that I need to learn: I must gain self awareness to recognize the good and faulty things in me and a scope to rectify myself. Practicing values and principle when things are in your favor is always an easy task. The problem arises when these principles are exercised in times of pressure. I must strike a balance between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. It is necessary to build a support team to let myself stay focused. It is also required to integrate life and work together. My passion for leadership must be expressed. (Gardner, Avolio and Walumbwa, 2005) Andrea Jung receives the 2010 Clinton Global Citizen Award for her leadership skill. I would have acted in the same way working for women health and empowerment but my focus wouldnt be confined to women. I would suggest any crisis in the economy is following a continuum pace. Either there is recession somewhere in the world to some people are starving to death. My focus as a leader would be to provide employment and empower those who do not have work. Women empowerment is definitely required but employment on a large scale basis irrespective of gender is urgent. Studies show that women work more in women oriented framework. In 2008, Avon product Inc. had been charged with corruption in China under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The charges of corruption were against the employees. Diversification is the other name of business expansion, but it is also necessary to administer official to keep a check in matters related to corruption in the international branches. I would have appo inted more official to prevent the act of corrupt practices. Also there must be a leader follower relationship between employee and the leader. Avon had been delisted by PETA for not testing their products on animals which is a Chinese policy to perform business in their country (Avoncompany.com, 2015). I believe that in order to commence business a particular country, it is important to follow the rules, regulations and policies as mentioned by the country. A leader must be focused not only on the business and its strategy but there are different facets within a business that needs to be attended. It is the duty of the leader to bind the organization together so that there no scope of ill happening within the system. (Bullough and de Luque, 2014) References Avoncompany.com, (2015).Avon Products Inc.. [online] Available at: https://www.avoncompany.com/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Billgeorge.org, (2007).Leadership in the 21st Century - Bill George. [online] Available at: https://www.billgeorge.org/page/leadership-in-the-21st-century [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Bullough, A. and de Luque, M. (2014). Women's participation in entrepreneurial and political leadership: The importance of culturally endorsed implicit leadership theories.Leadership, 11(1), pp.36-56. Businessballs.com, (2015).Free leadership theory training materials, leadership theories guide - what is leadership? 'how to' leadership, leadership tips, leadership skills educational articles for leadership and management training, how to be an effective leader. [online] Available at: https://www.businessballs.com/leadership-theories.htm [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Cherry, K. (2015).How Do Transformational Leaders Inspire?. [online] About.com Education. Available at: https://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/a/transformational.htm [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Gardner, W., Avolio, B. and Walumbwa, F. (2005).Authentic leadership theory and practice. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. Lublin, J. (2014).Andrea Jung, Former Avon CEO, to Run Microfinance Group. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303847804579481683309654694 [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. NOCERA, J. (2011). We Can All Become Job Creators.The New York Times. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/18/opinion/nocera-we-can-all-become-job-creators.html [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York, NY: AMACOM. www.etsu.edu, (2009).Leadership Theories and Styles. [online] Available at: https://ttps://www.etsu.edu/ahsc/documents/Leadership_Theories.pdf [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Prevention, C. (2011).CDC - Breast Cancer Statistics. [online] Cdc.gov. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/statistics/ [Accessed 14 Feb. 2015].

Macbeth Fate or free will free essay sample

Is what happened to Macbeth a cause of fate or free will? The tragedy of Macbeth is a cause by fate and free will because his fate was to become king but it was his own free will what he did to become king. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth: Fate or free will? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The three witches told Macbeth that he will become king in the future but he couldn’t become king without killing Duncan. The witches tell Macbeth prophecies and one of the three prophecies was that he was going to become king in the future he went out of his way to become king he killed Duncan and he made it look like the guards killed him and made it looked like they were drunk when they did it. The only way that Macbeth could become king was that he would have to kill the current king which was Duncan Macbeth says this quote â€Å"I dare do all that may become a man who dares to do more is none† in this quote he is talking about what lengths he had to go to become king.Macbeth wouldn’t have killed Duncan if he didn’t know he was going to become king but thanks for the three witches he wouldn’t have known what his fate was going to be. Macbeth said this in ‘if chance has me king, why chance will crown me’ he was talking about if he was actually meant to become king his time will come to become king. Macbeth didn’t have to comment murder in order to become king but the witches told him he needed to become king and that it was his fate. Lady Macbeth was in control of the whole time of this operation she convinced Macbeth to kill Duncan and let Macbeth become king and she wanted to let the prophecies become true. Macbeth didnâ₠¬â„¢t have control over his fate but he did have control over what actions they did take to let him become king.What exactly is fate and free will you maybe be asking yourself. The definition of fate is the development of events beyond a person’s control. Free will is the ability to act at one’s own discretion. Macbeth was in control of what he did to feel his prophecies and his fate was to become king. Macbeth did whatever it took to become king with the help of his wife Lady Macbeth. It was a mixture between the two fate and free will like he was told that Duncan’s kids were going to become king before him. Macbeth really wanted to become king so he sent two guards to go kill Duncan’s kids and if he didn’t do all the bad things he did to become king he would have lived and became king the way he was meant to.

Paleontology and The Evolutionary Theory

Paleontology and The Evolutionary Theory Introduction Paleontology is a wide field of study that is filled with a long and fascinating past and â€Å"an even more intriguing and hopeful future† (UCMP, n.d, p.1). A large number of people think that this field involves just the study of fossils but it is much more than this. According to UCMP (n.d), paleontology is defined as â€Å"the study of what fossils tell us about the ecologies of the past, about evolution, and about our place in the world† (UCMP, n.d, p.1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Paleontology and The Evolutionary Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This field of study takes in knowledge from other fields such as anthropology, biology, and computer science as well among others, in order to have the understanding of the processes which have contributed to the coming about and ultimate destruction of the various kinds of living organisms, beginning from the time life s tarted. The field of paleontology is traditionally broken down into a number of sub-disciplines and these include; palynology, vertebrate paleontology, invertebrate paleontology, micropaleontology, paleobotany, human paleontology, paleocology, taphonomy, and ichnology (UCMP, n.d, p.1). In this paper, the discipline of paleontology is going to be explored and the main concern will be on looking at paleontology and how it relates to the Darwin’s evolutionary theory. In the discussion, the background information on the fossil record is going to be given and this will be followed by the main discussion on paleontology and the evolutionary theory. The conclusion section will give a summary of the discussion. Fossil Record Before embarking on the main discussion, we need to consider what the fossil record is because the discussion is going to be based on this to some extent. The fossil record is defined as â€Å"the collective accumulation of artefacts which have been fossilized a ll over the world† (Fossil record, 2003, p.1). When looked at as a whole, there can be offering of very interesting information by the fossil record concerning how life evolved on earth. The scientists can make a decision to engage in studying the fossil record in its entirety or may chose to go to a specific period, in an effort to get information about the earth’s history and the living organisms that dwelt on it (Fossil record, 2003). A large number of fossils, amounting to millions, which are found in rocks, exhibit forms of evolution through time and also exhibit a large number of transitions that take place in species. In the year 1831, Charles Darwin commenced on assembling a huge bulk of evidence and in turn engaged in assessing and analysing it for over one and a half decades before keenly deducing a fresh rule of â€Å"descent of organisms with no modification† (Calabro, 2000, p.1).Advertising Looking for research paper on archeology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fossil record is clear on the evolution of life beginning from simple forms of life to complex forms ones. The fossil record has been seen as having been very important in the development of the evolutionary theory by Darwin. However, it was pointed out that the fossil record was incomplete and Darwin criticized it for the weaknesses associated with it (Calabro, 2000). Paleontology and the Evolutionary Theory According to Sepkoski (2008), there exists a direct relationship between the health of a scientific discipline and the quality of its data sources. The discipline of paleontology â€Å"has a rich source of data in the fossil record†(Sepkoski, 2008, p.27). However, there has been contradictions in opinions in the course of time in regard to the completeness of the fossil record and the sufficiency it has for making conclusions on the evolutionary trends and patterns (Sepkoski, 2008). In t he more recent times, experts in the field of paleontology have had enthusiasm about the fossil record quality and there has been optimism about its approximations and the completeness it has (Benton, 2003; Jablonski et al., 2003, Foote Sepkoski, 1999). However, In the course of the last one century or even more, after Darwin’s ‘Origin of Species’ publication, there was strict hindering of the capability of paleontologists to take part fully in the discussions concerning the evolutionary theory by perceptions that, â€Å"the fossil record was not a complete or reliable source of data† (Sepkoski, 2008, p.27). While paleontology developed its professional distinctiveness in the course of the 1900s, the critical task for the experts in this field was to set up the sufficiency of the data they had to give answers to questions raised about the authenticity of the contributions made by paleontology to the evolutionary theory. This program involved carrying out determination of the appropriate connection between paleontology and the biology and geology fields, which are its very intimately related sister disciplines. It is pointed out that, in the absence of this backing on behalf of its data, â€Å"paleontology might never have claimed a place at the ‘high table’ of evolutionary biology, and the modern discipline of paleobiology might never have existed† (Sepkoski, 2008, p.27). During the start of the 1800s, at a time paleontology methodology and discipline orientation were coming up, the current fields of science as we now know them were not there. In the year 1859, such a term as ‘biology’ was at that time still a relatively new innovation and even Charles Darwin himself did not utilize it in any of his editions of â€Å"Origin of Species† (Sepkoski, 2008, p.27). At that time, the term ‘paleontology’ was in general use.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample o n Paleontology and The Evolutionary Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the scientists, Charles Lyell, during that period gave a definition of this term as â€Å"’the science which treats fossil remains; both animal and vegetable’ .but it would have been quite unusual for a scientist to identify solely as ‘paleontologist’ or even ‘a geologist† (Sepkoski, 2008, p.28). Hence, the paleontology professional position, especially when compared with the biology field, is a debatable issue in the course of the time those fields had turned out to be generally recognized as independent fields. However, it is pointed out that the geological as well as paleontological evidence were of great significance to Charles Darwin in setting up the evolutionary theory (Sepkoski, 2008). This was mainly for the reason that the fossil record historical evidence made it possible for him to present arguments for chron ological evolutionary succession. In the initial edition of the Origin and those that followed, Darwin engaged in the extensive discussions about the importance of fossil succession, and it is not to overstate by pointing out that paleontology was a backbone of the argument he presented for evolution. However, it is pointed out that Charles Darwin’s conservative evaluation of the fossil record completeness hindered the capacity of the paleontologists that came thereafter to totally engage in joining in the development of the evolutionary biology community (Sepkoski, 2008,). Among the greatest fears was the idea that â€Å"the ‘incompleteness’ of the fossil record would be used to criticize his theory† (Sepkoski, 2008, p.28). The dilemma that Darwin faced, then, was that he was concurrently needed and faced embarrassment caused by the paleontological evidence found in the fossil record. As on one hand Darwin almost surely had no intentions of diminishing th e status of paleontology, on the other hand, the diagnosis he undertook of the limitations which the fossil record had, had precisely that effect for almost a century after the Origin publication. Darwin wrote about the weaknesses in the fossil record. Whilst he presented the case that the fossil data were essential for a clear understanding of the organic history, he pointed out that â€Å"the absence of transitional forms between species is an inherent and insoluble problem for paleontologists and geologists† (Sepkoski, 2008, p.28). However, it is pointed out that the theory presented by Darwin of evolution brought in a revolution in paleontology for the reason that the fossil record turned out to be the only possible source of evidence that evolution had actually taken place. In the absence of evolution, paleontology just â€Å"made interesting, descriptive observations about the form and distribution of once living creatures; without paleontology, there is no concrete ev idence that evolution happened† (Sepkoski, 2008, p.29).Advertising Looking for research paper on archeology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More But paleontology, on its own, could not independently contribute towards the theory of evolution because this theory relied on evidence which came from such fields as geology, biology and heredity among other fields in order to bring meaning to the paleontological data (Sepkoski, 2008). This means that, in the absence of the theory of evolution to paleontology, this field of study (paleontology) could not find a solution to issues concerning the organic nature history; it called for the Darwin’s theory of evolution to carry out the contextualization of the contributions it had made while excusing its shortcomings. Darwin had relatively pointed out that paleontology had already offered all it was possibly to give to having understanding of evolution. Therefore, for those who supported Darwin, there existed no immense necessity to examine the fossil record. In actual fact, those who supported Darwin were much more likely to have a wish to engage in pushing â€Å"paleontology i nto the background† (Sepkoski, 2008, p.29). For instance, Colman (1971) presents an argument that â€Å"to the biologist that fossil record posed more problems than it resolvedthe incompleteness of the recovered fossil record, in which a relatively full historical record for any major group was still lacking, was the very curse of transmutationist† (p.66). Hunt (2010), also citing the weakness in the fossil record as diagnosed by Darwin, points out that; in responding to the lack of â€Å"absence of species-levels transformation† within the fossil records, Darwin presented an argument that that â€Å"the fossil record was too incomplete, too biased, and too poorly known to provide strong evidence against his theory† (Hunt, 2010, p.61). Hunt (2010), in his research, carried out the evaluation of this view of the fossil record in light of a period of one and a half century of the paleontological research that followed. He points out that even if the assessme nt carried out by Darwin of the â€Å"completeness and resolution of fossiliferous rocks was in several ways astute† Hunt (2010, p.61), in the current day, there is much better exploration of the fossil record and there is also better documentation and understanding of this record than the way it was way back in the year 1859 (Hunt, 2010). More specifically, a logical big set of studies which seek to trace â€Å"evolutionary trajectories within species can now be brought to bear on Darwin’s expectation of gradual change driven by natural selection†(Hunt, 2010, p.61). Conclusion As it has been looked at in the discussion above, it can be concluded that, paleontology is a very wide discipline and has been there for a long time. This discipline has played a very important role in the evolutionary theory, which was set up by Charles Darwin. The fossil record enabled Charles Darwin to develop this theory. But over time, different views have come up concerning the com pleteness of the fossil record and its satisfactoriness for drawing conclusions on the evolutionary trends and patterns. For instance, Darwin’s conservative assessment of the completeness of the fossil record hindered the capability of the successive paleontologists to entirely engage in joining in the development of the evolutionary biology community. However, it is important to note that Darwin’s evolutionary theory caused a revolution in the field of paleontology and this was because the fossil record turned out to be the only available source of evidence that indicated that evolution had actually occurred. Yet paleontology, standing alone as an independent field, could not contribute to the theory of evolution and this is for the reason that this theory relied on evidence that was obtained from other fields which include the biology, geology and heredity fields or disciplines among others in order to make the paleontological data to turn out to be of significance. References Benton, M. J. (2003). The quality of the fossil record. London, England: Taylor Francis. Calabro, T. (2000). The fossil record and evolution. Retrieved from https://carnegiemuseums.org/ Coleman, W. (1971). Biology in the Nineteenth Century: Problems of Form, Function, and Transformation. New York, NY: Wiley. Foote, M. J. Sepkoski, J. (1999). Absolute measures of the completeness of the fossil record. Nature, 398(6726), 415-417 Fossil record (2003) Retrieved from https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-fossil-record.htm Hunt, G. (2010). Evolution in fossil lineages: Paleontology and the origin of species. The American Naturalist, 176 (1), 61 – 76. Jablonski, D. R. Kaustuv, J. W. Valentine, R. M. Price, Anderson, P.S. (2003). The impact of the pull of the recent on the history of marine diversity. Science, 300(5622),1133-1135. Sepkoski, D. (2008). Evolutionary paleontology and the fossil record: A historical introduction. Wilmington, NC: University of North Carolina Press. UCMP. (n.d). What is paleontology?. Retrieved from https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/paleo/paleowhat.html

Content and Function Words in English

Content and Function Words in English Each word in English belongs to one of the eight parts of speech. Each word is also either a content word  or a function word. Lets think about what these two types mean: Content Words vs. Function Words Content information, meaningFunction necessary words for grammar In other words, content words give us the most important information while function words are used to stitch those words together. Content Word Types Content words are usually nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. A noun tells us which object, a verb tells us about the action happening, or the state. Adjectives give us details about objects and people and adverbs tell us how, when or where something is done. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs give us important information required for understanding. Noun person, place or thingVerb action, stateAdjective describes an object, person, place or thingAdverb tells us how, where or when something happens Examples: Nouns Verbs house enjoy computer purchase student visit lake understand Peter believe science look forward to Adjectives Adverbs heavy slowly difficult carefully careful sometimes expensive thoughtfully soft often fast suddenly Other Content Words While nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are the most important content words, there are a few other words that are also key to understanding. These include negatives like no, not and never; demonstrative pronouns including this, that, these and those;  and question words like what, where, when, how and why. Function Word Types Function words help us connect important information. Function words are important for understanding, but they add little meaning beyond defining the relationship between two words. Function words include auxiliary verbs, prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and pronouns. Auxiliary verbs are used to establish the tense, prepositions show relationships in time and space, articles show us something that is specific or one of many, and pronouns refer to other nouns. Auxiliary verbs do, be, have (help with conjugation of tense)Prepositions show relationships in time and spaceArticles used to indicate specific or non-specific nounsConjunctions words that connectPronouns refer to other nouns Examples: Auxiliary Verbs Prepositions do in has at will though is over has been between did under    Articles Conjunctions Pronouns a and I an but you the for him so us since ours as she Knowing the difference between content and functions words is important because content words are stressed in conversation in English. Function words are non-stressed. In other words, function words are not emphasized in speech, while content words are highlighted. Knowing the difference between content and function words can help you in understanding, and, most importantly, in pronunciation skills. Exercise Decide which words are function and content words in the following sentences. Mary has lived in England for ten years.Hes going to fly to Chicago next week.I dont understand this chapter of the book.The children will be swimming in the ocean this time next week.John had eaten lunch before his colleague arrived.The best time to study is early in the morning or late in the evening.The trees along the river are beginning to blossom.Our friends called us yesterday and asked if wed like to visit them next month.Youll be happy to know that shes decided to take the position.I wont give away your secret. Check your answers below: Exercise Answers Content words are in bold. Mary has lived in England for ten years.Hes going to fly to Chicago next week.I dont understand this chapter of the book.The children will be swimming in the ocean at five oclock.John had eaten lunch before his colleague arrived.The best time to study is early in the morning or late in the evening.The trees along the river are beginning to blossom.Our friends called us yesterday and asked if wed like to visit them next month.Youll be happy to know that shes decided to take the position.I wont give away your secret.

Industrial Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrial - Assignment Example Over 40 persons were injured, businesses and homes were destroyed and the explosion detected as far as in the Netherlands on seismograph stations. There were investigation into the cause of the accident and the extent of the damage and this attracted legal action in which five companies were found guilty. This research paper will examine the incident at the Buncefield Oil Storage Depot and describe the events that led to the accident, its main causes and the preventive steps that should have been taken. It will further highlight the culture and management at the site in terms of safety systems and procedures implementation as well as the environmental impact and subsequent prosecutions. Design and maintenance shortcomings can be seen to be the aspects that sparked off a sequence of events that led to poor monitoring of this filling process and consequent explosions and fire. In 2005, located within the Buncefield Oil Storage Depot, a tank belonging to the Hertfordshire Oil Storage Ltd (HOSL) was filling with unleaded petrol on the night of 10th December. At around midnight of 11 December, tankers were barred from the terminal during which time stock checks were conducted for one and a half hours, without any reports of abnormalities (Nicholas & Whitfield 2013, p. 460). However, another hour and a half later, tank 912 did not register any changes on its level gauge even though it was still filling up. Initial approximations had indicated that the tank would have filled up and started overflowing by five in the morning, which it did. CCTV footage started showing vapour at 05.38 coming from the fuel that was escaping. Eight minutes later, the cloud of vapour is seen t hickening and spreading in all directions. At 05.50 the cloud was already flowing away from the facility and following the topography of the ground, spreading

Corporate Social Responsibility in event management in the 21 century Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility in event management in the 21 century - Essay Example It plays a crucial role in shaping an organization’s reputation, to either praiseworthy or poor. This depends with how it aligns its objectives in line with that of the stakeholders, especially customers. Corporate social responsibility of event planning in the 21st century aims at satisfying those around even if it is at the expense of the company. This is because the stakeholders are the backbone of any company. Failure to treat the stakeholders in a fair way may lead to failure of the business. One of the ways that corporate social responsibility gets attained in an organization is through public relations (Yeoman et al 2004, 29). Public relation assists the business in achieving corporate social responsibility by means of monitoring the business environment. Public relations make it possible for an outside –in approach to reflect on the things that make the organization favored and a decent picture in the eyes of the stakeholders. It reflects on the expectations and standards that the community has about the organization. Event planning is a role that mostly requires direct interaction with the stakeholders and hence a strong relationship with them gets to be always preferred. ... , develop an event design, search for the vent’s site, arrange for food, decor, as well as entertainment, plan for transportation, send invitations, arranges for needed accommodation, supervision of an event and event evaluation. It involves brand intricacies by identifying target customers, logistics planning, as well as coordinating the procedural aspects. These events impact the community in a variety of ways. Event management tool is used as a marketing strategy tool that for communication. The events promote communication with the stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility for event planning in the 21st century concentrates on minding about the event’s impact on the environment, economic as well as social matters. Event management CSR incorporates sustainability both socially and environmentally. The event management team works at making responsible decisions that will not have a negative impact on the stakeholders. The organization plans, organizes implements t he vent with the community in mind. Event management and planning should always involve CSR in events to improve the sustainability of the event management organization. CSR programs always do a lot in creating a compelling legacy in the community. Event management managers should have always assume responsibilities of the work seriously, especially commitment to stakeholders. Particular interest is taken in the conservation and restitution of the global environment (Werther & Chandler 2005, 54). Corporate social responsibility for event management in the 21st century seeks to reduce the ecological impact of organized events by reducing emissions and energy and raw materials consumption. Corporate social responsibility of event planning in the 21st century focuses on three principal categories of

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Example for Free

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Paul Baumers experiences of the war transforms him into someone of whom some may describes as lacking in expression, immoral, and maybe even a systematic automaton. These traits are often emphasized throughout his duty in World War II and are even furthermore supported through harsh traumatic incidents. But like all young adults, his innocent mind was concealed from the true face of war, and before such time, he was like any other teenage boy. It is evident that he was particularly interested in school and would sometime recollects back to his regular life, such as things that [is]at home in the draws of [his] writing table lies the beginning of a play called Saul and a bundle of poems (19). However, once he joined the army, he lose all sight of such pleasure and as the global conflict drags on deeper, his range of expression begins to narrowed into what was only necessary, and his daily routine soon becomes systematic. He changes so much that he ceased to see the light of all things, and his thoughts and actions soon turns into that of immoral kinds. However, even though the darkness of war soon engulfs most of his conscience, there still lies a small light of hope, the light of his genuine human soul. Many cannot realize the terror war brings, and often, the soldiers are the one who are the most affected. The journey endured in combat can draws ones hopes out and input fear and reinstall the human instincts as one thinks purely of survival. But unlike most, Paul began such journey at a very young age, and was not yet ready to experience the world. He has yet to even see the real world, but quickly jumps into the middle of the worlds largest conflict. The training camp was the first step to the extraction of his personality. After weeks of preparations for the front, Paul and his friend soon realized that what matters is not the mind but the boot brush, not intelligence but the system, not freedom but the drill (22). The boys soon divert back to their ancestors state of mind, an era where survival of the whole is the first priority while anything else comes afterwards. Beneath the wall of apathy Paul has built up, there still exists a spark of humanity. Paul can still feel things like grief and over the death of friends like Kat, where Paul is stunned to learn that Kat is dead, Do I walk? Have I feet still? Pauls emotions, although restricted, are still there. Paul tries to preserve himself and his soul throughout the war in the hopes of making the world a better place. Although he knows that he probably wont succeed in his goals because he and the rest of his generation are so beat down by the loss and horror of war, we will grow older, a few will adapt themselves, some others will merely submit, and most will be bewildered; the years will pass by and we shall fall into ruin the fact that he still hopes and cares, But perhaps all this that I think is mere melancholy and dismay, which will fly aw ay enough to want to fix the problems that started this war and maybe even prevent others from going through this ever again shows that even at the worst of times, shows that Paul manages to preserve his humanity (294). In another occasion such as when one of his comrade, Kemmerich, dies, he channeled his thoughts toward the justification of Muller claiming his soon deceased friends boots. Although Paul did express some sympathy towards his dying friend, it seems almost artificial as he quickly turned his attention towards a more important matter, at least in his mind, the matter of Kemmerichs belongings. He begins to speculates about who should claim what and should they really be claiming it. Of course, the rule of survival conjures up in his mind, and he remembered that the boots [were] quite inappropriate to Kemmerichs circumstances, whereas Muller [could] make good use of them (21). He even went further to justify the claim by stating that, we have lost all sense of other considerations, because they are artificial. Only the facts area real and important for us. And good boots are scarce (21). This presents a concept derived from the war, in which personal thoughts and individualism is limited and physical survival is accentuates. In a indirect way, his last thought depicts the barbarism of war, that way Man steps back in development and his conscience becomes simple; he only view upon on his needs and nothing else. For war is a two sided coin, with one side, the objective is seen as the motive, while on the other side, a sacrifice must be made to achieve the objective. But ignorantly, we ignore the mean and only focus upon the end. We hope that our actions, the vision of our better world will be achieved, and that the world will become more peaceful. But our efforts are in vain, and our hope is nothing more than a childs dream. War is a cycle, of which will never end. Its there to resolve problems momentary. Its there to break us down, and remind us that we are nothing more than savages who seek power and land. What others may see as normal and moral may be view differently by those who is not in their position. Frequently throughout Pauls journey as a soldier, his actions were often viewed upon as immoral; in that he gave little thoughts to his action, almost to the extent that he could not think of the situation any other way. In a specific incident, one of his younger comrade was badly wounded and would eventually die, so he and Kate agreed upon that [they] ought to put him out of his misery (72). Many of a third perspective may deem that as inhuman, to shoot some just to shorten their pain. Perhaps in his view, he was helping the poor lad by ending what would be a week or so of hell before he dies. But such thoughts may lead one to wonder if he may even think himself as a being greater than other, one who is has the authority to decide for the life of another. Humans are defined by our extension of complex thinking and our ability to empathize another. But in this case, Paul has yet to know how the pain of being severely injured, and only thought upon his assumptions. If he was in any other position, his first normal reaction may have been to carry that boy to the nearest help. As the war drags him into more the intensified front, he soon comes across [young recruits] flock together like sheep instead of scattering, and even wounded are shot down like hares by airmen (130). He sees some died right in front of him and some who runs out due to claustrophobia. However, in none of these occasions did he mourn for the dead, or even consider emotions such as sadness and sympathy. Perhaps it was due to the fact that he may have encountered numerous of such sight. When Paul sees the young recruits being kill due to lack of experience, he

The True Message of Joy Luck Club and The Hundred Secret Senses Essay

The True Message of Joy Luck Club and The Hundred Secret Senses    Alice Walker calls Amy Tan's novel, The Joy Luck Club, "honest, moving, and beautifully courageous."   Publisher's Weekly describes the novel as "intensely poetic, startlingly imaginative and moving ... deceptively simple yet inherently dramatic."   Not only has Amy Tan's fiction been praised for its literary merit, but it also has been included in anthologies of multicultural literature for its portrayal of Chinese and Chinese-American culture.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, critics such as George Tseo vehemently disagree with these and other accolades, particularly regarding the cultural details of Tan's fiction and Mandarin Chinese dialogue.   "I take umbrage at Amy Tan's confused rendition of Mandarin not only because the true beauty of the language is obscured but because by doing so the Chinese culture is misrepresented."   He argues that Tan uses "phony" and "stereotypically wooden and metaphorical" Chinese dialogue, a one-sided over-emphasis on Chinese superstitious practices, and culturally implausible plots (339).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sau-Ling Cynthia Wong, an associate professor of Asian-American studies at the University of Berkeley, corroborates Tseo's challenge of Tan's cultural accuracy.   Wong points out errors such as Tan's misuse of the term "tang jie" or "sugar sister" in The Hundred Secret Senses, Tan's third novel.   Not only has Tan confused the word "tang" with its Chinese homophone--which does not mean "sugar"--but she has ascribed a metaphorical use, meaning a friend as close as a sister, to a term which only refers to a blood relative in the Chinese kinship system (180-82).   Wong acknowledges that "errors of the 'sugar sister' type [lin... ...s. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. 85-7. Schell, Orville. Critical Extract. Asian-American Women Writers. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. 82-3. Shear, Walter. "Generational differences and the diaspora in The Joy Luck Club." Women Writers. 34.3 (Spring 1993): 193. Expanded Academic Index. Souris, Stephen. "'Only Two Kinds of Daughters:'" Inter- Monologue Dialogicity in The Joy Luck Club." Melus 19.2 (Summer 1994):99-123. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Ivy Books, 1989. --------- The Hundred Secret Senses. New York: Ivy Books, 1995. Willard, Nancy. Critical Extract. Asian-American Women Writers. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. 84-5. Xu, Ben. "Memory and the Ethnic Self: Reading Amy Tan's Joy Luck Club." Melus 19.1 (Spring 1994): 3-17.

Charity Begins at Home Essay

It is an old saying which holds good in every sphere of life, It means that a person’s first duty is to help the members of his own family. Any act of goodness can be in the right direction only if it spreads goodness all around, but a good act must be started from one’s own environment. Everybody should do good to his family members first. Charity to others at the cost of starvation at home cannot be appreciated. If a man ignores his family members and does good to others, he is most likely to be an object of ridicule. The family members are the first charge on one’s resources. If somebody is in a position to do some good or to extend some help or assistance—monetary or otherwise—to others, he must see to it that the members of his family are not left in deprivation. It is only after the needs of the members of the family are fully met, the help and assistance may be distributed among others. Here, too, there is a comparative priority—relations, friends, community circle and so on and so forth. If we take the case of social reform, a man should first try to introduce reform in his own family. Instead, if without reforming his own family, he tries to reform others, people will not listen to him. He would rather end up in failure. It does not carry any weight if a chain smoker advises others to give up smoking while he himself does not leave the same. It is better if one presents his Own example. Philanthropists donate money to educational institutions, hospitals and orphanages. But before doing so, they must try to satisfy the needs of their family, relatives, friends and com-nunlty. A doctor must attened to the health problems of his own (tolly members before extending medical advice or assistance to ‘Charity begins at Home’ also means that unless a person is to his own family members, he cannot be expected to be good †¢Others. The reasons are obvious. Family is the core of one’s i is the immediate environment. The first responsibility of II towards his family. A man is alway more sincere to his lily than to any other person. A normal man cannot over-_ Ignore the family ties and responsibilities. If somebody ‘ Uself an exception, he is likely to be mocked at or looked by others. acts must have their beginnings from one’s own or environment. Nobody cleans other’s house before his own. Before lighting a candle in the temple Xhis own house. Before feeding others one does mily members. For all the good acts one’s family One cannot rather do ood things to others in If one ignore one’s own family in that regard. jtoo 11 equally applicable in the international field. Mil primary responsibility for its own people. It can do good to the whole world only after it has met the requirements of its own people. A country committed to the removal of povery in the world must first tr y to remove poverty of his own people. Beginning of disarmament must be made by the country itself before making a plea for world disarmament. It is no gain to call upon the people of the world to abjure war, if the country or the leader making this plea does not believe in peace.

Plato theory of forms Essay

Plato was a duellist and thus believed that there are two worlds; the material world and the world of ideas/Forms. The world of ideas or Forms is the true reality and the world of appearances is just reflections of world of Forms. Plato believed that our knowledge of the Forms was a priori which means that our souls knew the Forms before it was inside us, therefore we have knowledge prior to experiencing the objects with our senses. Plato believes everyone is born with an intuitive but imperfect understanding of the Forms. He also believes the philosopher is able, through using his intellect, to achieve true knowledge of the abstract Forms without using his senses. Plato’s theory of Forms can be seen as unconvincing to some who believe that abstract ideas e. g table, horse, beauty are actually names that have been invented to help people describe their experiences of the physical world. This is a materialistic view as it suggests that objects in this world are the real reality and our ideas can develop based on experience of things. Aristotle agrees with this and believes knowledge is gained through experience and that there is not an eternal World of Forms that is a priori to us. However, in Plato’s defence some believe that each variety of a Form shares a likeness for example each horse is slightly different yet they all share something that makes it resemble a horse. According to Bertrand Russell, Plato`s theory made a `very important advance in philosophy, since it is the first to emphasise the problem of universals’. Plato’s theory is often regarded as unconvincing due to the fact that Plato believes that every object and idea in the world of appearances is an imperfect copy of an image or Form in the World of Forms. This suggests that there is a perfect Form of things such as a cinema ticket, mud or an insect and so on. According to Bertrand Russell, his ideas of the Forms when taken to its extreme.

Character analysis Essay Example

Character analysis Essay Example Character analysis Essay Character analysis Essay 1. William Munny goals at the beginning of the film where very defined. The story first starts off with a prologue scrolling across the screen and a silhouette figure of William Munny burying his wife. The text tells us of a less then perfect man and husband; William Munny. A drunk, an outlaw, and a vengeful killer, who has now reformed his ways to take care of his children and to up hold the vows to his wife; to stay sober. As the protagonist in the film, Will Munny was living his somber life fulfilling the dream left to his wife on his less then productive pig farm. As the film progressed, Will is torn between the vows of his deceased wife and his inner demons. William finds that in order fulfill his goals to take care of his family, he would have to break his vows to his wife. Leading him to accept the opportunity set forth by The Schofield Kid. The main drive in Will Munny decision was pure money, that is also set forth in his character name. The pure financial gain (simple fix) rather then morals moves him to this decision. 2. The common character traits share between Will Munny, Ned Logan, The Schofield Kid, and Little Bill Daggett is that at one point in their lives they were or trying to be outlaws, to make a name for themselves and make a buck or two. Will Munny traits were defined as his devotion to his wife and the love for his family. Just as his name states it; he had a will for money, which in turn was the root of all his evil. Ned Logan and his Spencer rifle; most noted for use in military wars. Ned kept his Spencer right above the door way in his home and seemed to cherish it and when he offers his Spencer rifle to Munny as he wont be using it anymore, is the real turning point for Ned, that this is not the life he intended to lead. The Schofield Kid traits where that he could not see very far, he had limited skills but had an eagerness and a will to learn. His role in the movie was that of a past Will Munny. Finally, Little Bill whose name again is a reference to the term of money. Little Bi lls job as the town sheriff is the depiction of fairness in the town whos more interested in protecting the financial interests of Skinny the pimp than in effecting justice for the prostitutes. He is a man that portrays violence, intelligence, and is the depiction of fairness in Little Whiskey but yet the most truthful character in the film by exposing the Duke of Death as a false statement. 3. The movie Unforgiven is very Classical Hollywood Cinema in an essence that the story centers on the personal inner causes: the commitment that Will Munny made to his beloved wife, choice of leaving his children and abolishing the vows of his wife collectively procuring the bounty and the traits of a vengeful and almost indiscriminate murderer. The title itself hold a symbolic meaning in the movie one could question the forgiveness of Will Munny; was he seeking forgiveness or already obtained forgiveness.

How Scholarly Articles Broaden the Students Understanding of Any Given Subject

How Scholarly Articles Broaden the Students Understanding of Any Given Subject Scholarly Articles Broaden the Students Outlook The student in higher education may ask: Beyond being required to incorporate them into my essays and papers, how are academic articles important? How exactly can they enhance my understanding of a subject? And don’t I get plenty of information from a course’s textbook? So Why Are They Important? A scholarly article is a short document written by an expert to convey and explore new information on a given subject. They are sources of high-quality information written by experts in a certain field – experts, by the way, who may have dedicated their entire life or career to exploring a subject. Scholarly articles, usually published by an academic press, are most always subject to a peer-review process, which means that in order for an article of this sort to be published a specialist or expert in the field must first evaluate its content, sources, and argument or analysis for quality and originality. This means that ALL the information conveyed in a scholarly article is credible, accurate and therefore beneficial to the student’s understanding of a subject and its real-world relevance and current applications. To put it plainly, scholarly articles, which are found in academic periodicals, are very advantageous to the student. Indeed most students will familiarize themselves with scholarly articles because students are generally required to include them in their research, their essays and their papers; students are usually required to evaluate an article’s content to expand on the topics they themselves are making in their academic work. But scholarly articles can also provide the student – perhaps one who may be struggling with grasping a subject or topic – with a general understanding of a subject. In some cases a textbook may only provide a student with a limited perspective on a topic or issue – while the scholarly article may offer differing viewpoints on a subject, perhaps providing both sides to a controversial subject, as well as explaining which side is more practical and why. They provide the student with the most up-to-date information on a subject, are good sources for generating ideas for papers and presentations, and are often briefer and sometimes easier to comprehend than maybe a textbook’s stale, one-sided and outdated approach in explaining a subject. Rather than providing a simple overview of the subject, which is the case with most textbooks, scholarly articles examine a subject, topic or issue in a practical way. An article of this sort reports on original research or experimentation, the kind usually only generalized in a textbook, and expands on that information and looks at a subject more in depth. The enduring purpose of these kinds of articles is to be made available to the rest of the scholarly or academic world. Scholarly articles can broaden a student’s understanding of a given subject or topic because those writing them are required to list the sources they used to write their article, in the form of footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies. The student looking to expand their knowledge on a subject can then look up any combination of these used sources, read them thoroughly, and as result will begin to familiarize themselves with a topic on several different levels. always strives to utilize top quality scholarly articles in its work. This ensures maximum quality and relevance of information that gets incorporated into our projects. For most disciplines the requirement is that all information should be no older than five years and from this stand, scholarly articles are an invaluable source of information. Feel free to contact us anytime and we guarantee you will get a quality product. is the service you can trust!

Two Service Companies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two Service Companies - Coursework Example Operations design choices refers to decisions made by a company’s management concerning the type of process arrangement that is best in provision of services. These processes include value chain assimilation, technology capacity, service capacity, outsourcing, and facility inventory. On the other hand, infrastructure as a strategy includes non-process features, such as, company staffs, learning, operating plans, control services, quality control, compensation system, and innovation services (Evans and collier, 83). That said, Facebook as an online service provider that is simple involved in enhancing our social lives has operations design choices as the major area of concentration. This is because to manage a company such as facebook, it takes very advanced technological knowledge and inventions. Moreover, considering the number of people using facebook, the amount of data exchanged and information communicated, the service capacity need to be expanded and upgraded now and the n to meet this need. The need for the right infrastructure in eBay, a multinational online auction for goods and Services Company, outweighs the need for the right design choices. This is because, unlike facebook, eBay is involved in provision of good. Therefore, there is need for a quality control framework to ensure the quality of goods provided to customers is not compromised. The company also requires a workforce that finds the clients as well as the consumers. Finally, suppliers and customers of eBay need to be assured on the safety of their money, therefore, the company should have a sound compensation system (Evans and collier, 84). In conclusion, it is clear that Hill’s strategy development framework is an important aspect in any business in need of substantial development. Facebook and eBay are among many other companies that would greatly transform by incorporation of Hill’s strategy

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Operation management - Essay Example This research deals with the operation management issues at Wal-Mart. The organization implemented several unique strategies in the business operation processes in order to gain competitive advantages. A primary data collection process has been adopted in this study to understand the view of the respondents who have participated in the interview process. Managers, employees and customers of Walmart have been chosen as the respondents. The respondents discussed about several reasons behind the growing operational management issues in Walmart. The report has analyzed each and every response that is gathered during the data collection process. Finally, some recommendation plans have been proposed for the operation management team of Walmart in order to improve the present scenario. Introduction Wal-Mart is one of the leading retail giants across the globe and is regarded as one of the most valued businesses in the world. The highly efficient performance of the company is mainly driven b y its state-of the art operations management and logistics system. The retail industry is a highly concentrated industry with a number of major players like Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Home Depot, Royal Ahold N.V., Metro etc. Wal-Mart has established itself as a market leader in the industry. The companies can be classified as market qualifiers and the market order winners based on the strategic perspective. The market order winners are those companies that are clearly distinguishable from the competitor companies and have more potential to be chosen as the source of buying by the consumers. The market qualifiers are those companies which have the minimum requirements to be considered as a potential source of buying by the customers. The factors driving the capabilities of a business as a market qualifier or a market order winner are given below. (Source: Kapner 51) Clearly, Wal-Mart is a market order winner because of the high quality, service and operational processes used in the busines s. The company has a robust technology system to forecast demand, supply, determine optimum inventory levels, determine efficient transportation routes and maintain customer relations efficiently. The efficient operations management in Wal-Mart has benefited the company in many ways like keeping the product cost low, reduced storage costs, ability to maintain a variety of stock and providing it at a competitive pricing. Wal-Mart continuously monitors and improves its technology so that all its operational systems function as per the demand and it does not lose out on even a single customer by not providing the right product at the right time and at the right place. The operations strategy of the company is particularly critical in driving the success of Wal-Mart as an established market order winner and is represented in Appendix 1. The main objective of the study is to find out the different operational and strategic issues faced by the operations manager in Wal-Mart. Other objecti ves are to find out the process of operations management and service delivery in the organization. Operational Issues The operations management of Wal-Mart is much superior as compared to the other players in the industry. The company has established an efficient supply chain thereby delivering excellent service quality to

Understanding values Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Understanding values - Assignment Example An evidence of this is the fact that although people differ on their opinions on a subject, their understanding of what is right or wrong is mostly the same. For example, some people are in favor of legalization of drugs while others are against it, though people on both sides of the argument mutually think that drugs and their influence on the society should be reduced. Even the argument for the legalization of drugs is made with a view to suppressing the frustration and the development and functioning of illegal channels that happens when the drugs are illegalized. The in-born ability, conscience is the word used for which, is guided or influenced by a range of external influences, typically culture and religion. Of all such factors, religion is the most powerful factor that confirms or denies an idea that is considered righteous by our inherent conscience. That is why â€Å"Christianity has often been associated with authority† (11) However, it is needless to say that people voluntarily accept religion and give it that exalted status to dictate values in their lives because of the emotional appeal made to them by the religion. Dictating and establishing values is one of the most fundamental functions of a

Overview Of Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Overview Of Information Systems Essay Information Systems Types Description / Benefits Example of Each (Including Vendor Name / Vendor Website) How have you seen them used in your organization or an organization that you are familiar with? 1. Databases A database is a computer mechanism for storing and retrieving data. It gives one true command of their data, enabling one to retrieve it, sort it, analyze it, summarize it, and report results in changes. Example: Google Cloud Website: cloud.google.com/ I have seen them used by businesses, and individual users who want to utilize their data across different IT systems. 2. Networks A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. The benefits of networking include more convenient file sharing and Internet connection sharing. Example: Examples include local-area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks (WANs). University of Phoenix www.phoenix.edu/ I am currently using a wide area network to download and post my assignments to the university of phoenix website. 3. eBusiness Electronic Business, is the administration of conducting business via the Internet. This would include the buying and selling of goods and services, along with providing technical or customer support through the Internet. The benefit is ebusiness allows people to carry out businesses without the barriers of time or distance. Example: Amazon www.amazon.com I have owned my own business and ecommerce was a great way to provide  services without actually physically being there. 4. Wireless Wireless is communications sent without wires or cables. the benefits to wireless are productivity, convenience, and cost advantages over wired networks. Example: wireless phones www.att.com The use of wireless technology in business and everday life is prevelant in today’s society as a whole. I have a wireless phone use, use Bluetooth and wireless internet on my laptop, as well as being able to transmit ans share internet, in my home and business. 5. Social Media Social Media is the websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. One main benefit is the ability to seek out potential clients and networking opportunities. Example: LinkedIn www.linkedin.com I am am member of the site and it is a great tool in networking and finding clients and potential employees. 6. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Customer relationship management is the strategy that a company uses to handle customer interactions. It is beneficial by creating various platforms to meet customers needs and receive feedback. Example: rewards card program Best Buy www.bestbuy.com/site/rewards/pcmcat102500050032.c?id Best Buy uses their rewards cards to track purchases ans other consumer information that helps in the promotion of certain products and services that they offer. 7. Supply Chain Management (SCM) Supply chain management is the the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from start to finish. This is very beneficial as it shows a log off all happenings with a specific good or service. Example: The U.S. Department of Agriculture www.usda.gov/ The U.S. Department of Agriculture developed a Web-based solution for farmers and ranchers seeking to communicate with distributors and wholesalers. 8. Business Intelligence Business intelligence is a term that refers to a variety of software applications used to analyze an organizations raw data. It is beneficial by helping companies be more efficient, spot areas for cost savings and identify new business opportunities. Example: the board is an all encompassing BI tool that has helped many companies. http://www.board.com/us/ I have seen a list of and have gotten goods and services from some of the companies that have employed the board’s BI tools.

Graduation Speech: Enjoy the Journey :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Are we there yet? Are we there yet? Sitting in the backseat of the car, I used to bombard my family with these questions. On our summer road trips I was so anxious for the destination that I failed to appreciate the journey. However, as time passed and I grew older, I realized that it was the journey that was important and not the destination. For the past 13 years of our education we have been on a journey - a journey full of experiences, challenges and accomplishments. We have made it through elementary, middle and high school. It hasn't always been what we expected and certainly not easy, but as we progressed down the road, we stretched ourselves to reach across barriers and found ourselves in new and expanding roles. We were given the opportunity to explore our interests and discover what really excites us. We have become more independent and complete individuals. Our growth and self-discovery has placed us here tonight. Tonight we stand at a crossroad where each one of use will take a new direction in our life's journey. Walt Whitman said "Not I - not anyone else can travel that road for you. You must travel it for yourself." Where we end up isn't the most important decision, but instead it is the road we choose to take to get there. The road we take is what we will look back on and call our life. Life is a journey of everyday experiences, teaching us moment in, moment out, who we really are. It's important to remember these words "Happiness is to be found along the way, not at the end of the road, for then the journey is over and it is too late." And so we find ourselves ready and eager to move on. We take with us the strength and knowledge we've gained through our interactions, encounters, challenges and accomplishments at school and at home with parents, teachers and friends. Remember life is not a race but a journey to be enjoyed each step of the way. I leave you with these words from the mountain climber John Amatt: "Adventure isn't hanging on a rope off the sides of a mountain.

Language and Pragmatics Essay

Language is the common ground for everyone. It is the thing that links a society together because this is how they communicate and understand each other. It is common, therefore, that one culture can feel confused when dealing with other people from different cultures. This is due to the fact that even if they learn a certain language, they will still need to learn the culture of the people to be able to communicate properly. It is not enough that one learns the words. A person should be also knowledgeable of the ways certain words or phrases are used or what is proper or not to say during conversations for him or her to completely understand a particular culture. One of the things that I got interested in from the lecture was phatic communion, which is a â€Å"form of communication between people which is not intended to seek or convey information but has the social function of establishing or maintaining social contact. † This is very apparent in the American culture. People have the tendency to automatically ask how the other is doing and the other is expected to respond with just a simple answer. It is not meant to ask how a person is really feeling but it is just a polite way of acknowledging the person’s presence. I have experienced this form of communication since I started living in this country. It is hard to miss it because people use it everyday in the grocery store, at the mall, coffee shop, even at school. I can relate to the examples in the lecture notes because Spanish is my first language. I also had difficulty in learning the English language because of its complications like the phatic communion. At first, I thought that people were concerned about me and the things that are going on with my life. However, when I got used to the language, I came to realize that this was just some form of formality and that I am not expected to give a detailed response. Living in this country, I have also learned that it is not unusual for people to greet each other even if they are complete strangers. People say hello to each other when they pass them on the street. However, this is not being friendly for them. People have become accustomed to it and would feel uncomfortable if they did not acknowledge the other person. This is in contrast to other cultures where people would feel scared or uneasy if a stranger would say hello to them on the streets out of nowhere. They might think that the person has other intentions other than just to be polite. Personally, I think that people from different cultures talk fast because they are already used to the language and they have mastered it since the time they learned how to speak it. As such, fast-paced talking is not only applicable to the Americans but to everyone as well. Some cultures can only seem soft spoken because of their voices but they are still fast-paced if one listens carefully. Another interesting observation is the difference between men and women in terms of listening. As a woman, I can relate to the lecture notes where it is indicated that women tend to nod to show that they are listening to someone. I actually do this just to show appreciation to the speaker, especially when he or she is looking directly at me while speaking. It is a polite way of saying that I am listening although I may not be agreeing to what he or she is trying to say. This is different from what men do and I have noticed this in the way my husband reacts when someone is talking and he is in the audience. There is no indication that he is listening and will only be apparent when he nods his head in agreement with the speaker. I think that women’s reaction is better because if it were me speaking, I would like to know if my audience is listening or not even if they may not agree to what I have to say. It is encouraging to know that the audience is interested in my speech and that I am not being ignored. The last topic that I found interesting is the different ways on how to say no or refuse to someone. I agree with this because sometimes, people find it very difficult to say no in fear of offending the other person. As such, people find different ways to say no and this include offering an alternative, putting the blame on another, diverting the attention to another topic, or through postponement. Doing these things will make it easier to say no and will not make the other person feel bad about the situation. Personally, I do not have a hard time saying no to people, especially if I strongly feel that refusing is the right thing to do. However, it is still good to know how to say no indirectly because we have to realize that people react to things differently. One may be fine with accepting no for an answer while others may take this against you. I think that learning a language and the ways of a certain culture is essential in being able to communicate with the culture’s people effectively. This is the only for an outsider to become accepted and feel comfortable in using the language. It is also a way for a person to learn what is proper and what is unacceptable, which is important for some cultures because there are certain things that might offend them without the person even knowing. It can be said, therefore, that learning a second language is difficult, especially if the person learning it is not even living in the country or place where that language is being used. Exposure is needed for one to learn and acquire a culture’s language and customs. Without experiencing it first-hand, it is hard to practice the language and apply it to one’s everyday lives. It is also better to communicate with the people who use the language everyday so that the person can practice speaking it and using it much better. The person will be able to learn faster and easier if there is first-hand exposure.

Soft drinks in India: Pepsi

Soft drinks in India is a INR 11,000 Crore industry1. The rising mercury levels have ensured that the Indian soft drinks industry is going through a healthy phase wherein, it registered an impressive growth of 24. 6% in the year 2011/12. Carbonates had a growth of 13. 6% growth, Bottled water saw an incredible 34. 3% growth, Fruits and vegetable juices registered a growth of 29. 7%, Sports and energy drinks saw a growth of 17. 2%. PepsiCo operates in these product lines and the impressive growth numbers were of great encouragement for the soft drinks industry in general and PepsiCo in particular.Coke and Pepsi The key players Coca Cola and PepsiCo actively revived their old brands that were popular in the 1980s in India. Coca Cola revived its old brand Citra within the lime carbonates category. While Coca Cola already had Sprite and Limca in the lime carbonates category, Citrus was priced at 20% cheaper than them. Coca Cola also reintroduced its brand â€Å"Rimzim†, a masala soda with cumin and spices. PepsiCo reciprocated by reviving its popular brand Duke in Mumbai, where it is very well known. Duke was launched in four flavours. Since PepsiCo and Coca Cola have almost similar product lines, companies launched new products and were involved in brand extensions in order to differentiate from the others. PepsiCo’s Mirinda was the answer for Coca Cola’s Fanta in the orange category. Lack of differentiation in the Orange category lead PepsiCo to launch two new varieties of Mirinda- â€Å"Mango Orange† and â€Å"Orange Masala† in order to gain traction among the consumers. PepsiCo’s launch of 7up lemony bite in Punjab was to counter Limca. Tata Gluco + was launched by NourishCo ( A joint venture between PepsiCo and Tata ), a lemon flavoured refreshing and recharging beverage. Danone and Narang Beverages partnered to launch B’lue, a water-based restorative drink. Companies are constantly innovating to come up with new products with greater benefits that will help the companies differentiate themselves in the soft drinks industry. The soft drinks industry in urban India is reaching maturity, which is forcing the companies to look at the rural market as the next bastions of growth. Urban consumers consider carbonated soft drinks unhealthy. There is an increased traction for fruit and vegetable juices among the urban consumers. PepsiCo’s Tropicana, Coca Cola’s Minute maid and Dabur’s Real are addressing this surge in the demand for fruit and vegetable juices. As far as the rural markets are concerned, a significant 21% of the off trade volume sales in 2012 came from these markets. Companies are increasing their focus on rural India. As an indication for the increased focus, Coca Cola started distribution of solar powered coolers in rural areas which can store up to two crates of Returnable Glass Bottles (RGBs). Competitors: The Indian soft drinks industry is dominated by PepsiCo, Coca Cola and Parle Bisleri ltd. Coca Cola has 23. 6% of share, Parle Bisleri ltd. has 21. 6% share and PepsiCo has 21. 2%. Parle Bisleri ltd. garners such high volumes solely based on its packaged drinking water brand â€Å"Bisleri†. Excluding packaged water, it’s almost a duopoly with PepsiCo and Coca Cola being the significant players in the soft drinks industry. PepsiCo and Coca Cola have similar product lines. Each of them has a brand as an answer for the brand of the other company. To start with, in the cola drinks category,